Indonesia’s 2025 general elections have ushered in a transformative era, with President Prabowo Subianto at the helm. His leadership marks a significant shift in the nation’s political dynamics, characterized by a consolidation of power and an expanded role for the military in civilian affairs. These developments have profound implications for Indonesia’s democratic trajectory and governance structures.

Prabowo Subianto’s Rise to Power

Prabowo Subianto, a former general with a complex legacy, secured the presidency with a decisive victory, obtaining 59% of the vote. His campaign resonated across diverse demographics, including the youth, promising economic development and continuity of popular policies initiated by his predecessor, Joko Widodo. Despite past controversies related to human rights during the Suharto era, Prabowo has rebranded himself as a leader focused on national progress and international diplomacy.

Consolidation of Political Power

Since his election, Prabowo has actively consolidated political power, forming a broad coalition that includes former adversaries. Notably, the NasDem party, which previously supported his rival, has joined his coalition, elevating its parliamentary stake to a majority of 52%. This strategic alliance-building has effectively minimized formal opposition, leading to concerns about the erosion of democratic checks and balances murid keroyok guru .

Expanded Military Involvement in Civilian Affairs

A hallmark of Prabowo’s administration is the expanded role of the military in civilian functions. Initiatives such as the $28 billion free school meals program and involvement in agricultural projects have been entrusted to military oversight. Legislation is also underway to permit active-duty military officers to occupy senior government positions. While proponents argue that military efficiency can enhance program implementation, critics express apprehension about potential democratic backsliding and the dilution of civilian oversight.

Public Perception and Policy Implementation

Despite policy inconsistencies and reversals, Prabowo maintains a high approval rating of approximately 81%. His populist measures, including free meals for schoolchildren and pregnant women, have bolstered his popularity. However, abrupt policy changes, such as the reversal of VAT adjustments and positions on international maritime claims, have led to public confusion and criticism. These actions reflect the challenges of managing a broad coalition and the complexities inherent in governance.

Challenges to Democratic Institutions

The consolidation of power has raised alarms about the weakening of Indonesia’s democratic institutions. The disregard for Constitutional Court rulings and the strategic positioning of political allies in key roles suggest a deliberate effort to undermine checks and balances. These actions have sparked public protests and debates about the nation’s commitment to democratic principles.

The Role of Political Dynasties

The emergence of political dynasties is a notable aspect of Indonesia’s current political landscape. The appointment of Joko Widodo’s son as vice-president-elect exemplifies this trend, raising concerns about nepotism and the entrenchment of familial power in politics. This phenomenon mirrors a broader regional pattern, where political families maintain significant influence, potentially stifling political diversity and competition.

Future Outlook

As Prabowo Subianto’s administration progresses, Indonesia faces critical questions about its democratic future. The balance between effective governance and the preservation of democratic norms will be pivotal. The international community and domestic stakeholders will closely monitor how these political dynamics evolve and their impact on Indonesia’s role on the global stage.